Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs.[2] As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.

Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. The meat of an infected animal poses no risk of infection when properly cooked.

During the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate diagnosis of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed. These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort.

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Generic Name: lorazepam (lor A ze pam)

Brand Names: Ativan

Common Misspellings: lorazapam, lorazipam, lorzapam, lorzepam, atevan, ativin, atevin, ativen

What is the most important information I should know about lorazepam?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Lorazepam will cause drowsiness and may cause dizziness. If you experience drowsiness or dizziness, avoid these activities.

• Avoid alcohol while taking lorazepam. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness caused by lorazepam. Alcohol may also increase the risk of having a seizure if lorazepam is being taken for a seizure condition.

• Lorazepam is habit forming. You can become physically and psychologically dependent on the medication. Do not take more than the prescribed amount of medication or take it for longer than is directed by your doctor. Withdrawal effects may occur if lorazepam is stopped suddenly after several weeks of continuous use. Your doctor may recommend a gradual reduction in dose.

What is lorazepam?

• Lorazepam is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. Lorazepam affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety, insomnia, and seizures.

• Lorazepam is used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. It is also used to treat certain types of seizure disorders and to relieve insomnia (induce sleep).

• Lorazepam may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking lorazepam?

• Do not take lorazepam if you have narrow-angle glaucoma. Lorazepam may worsen this condition.

• Before taking lorazepam, tell your doctor if you

·have kidney disease;

·have liver disease;

·have asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or another respiratory disease; or

·are depressed or have suicidal thoughts.

• You may not be able to take lorazepam, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

• Lorazepam is in the FDA pregnancy category D. This means that lorazepam is known to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment.

• Lorazepam passes into breast milk. Do not take lorazepam without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

• If you are over 65 years of age, you may be more likely to experience side effects from lorazepam. Your doctor may prescribe a lower dose of this medication.

How should I take lorazepam?

• Take lorazepam exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

• Take each oral dose with a full glass of water.

• Lorazepam is also available as an injection. If you are using the injection at home, your healthcare provider will give you detailed instructions regarding preparation, administration, and storage of the injectable formulation.

• Do not take more than is prescribed for you.

• Lorazepam is habit forming. You can become physically and psychologically dependent on the medication. Do not take more than the prescribed amount of medication or take it for longer than is directed by your doctor. Withdrawal effects may occur if lorazepam is stopped suddenly after several weeks of continuous use. Your doctor may recommend a gradual reduction in dose.

• Your doctor may want you to have medical evaluations during treatment with lorazepam to monitor progress and side effects.

• Store lorazepam at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication. A double dose could be dangerous.

What happens if I overdose?

• Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is suspected.

• Symptoms of a lorazepam overdose include sleepiness, dizziness, confusion, a slow heart beat, difficulty breathing, difficulty walking and talking, an appearance of being drunk, and unconsciousness.

What should I avoid while taking lorazepam?

• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Lorazepam will cause drowsiness and may cause dizziness. If you experience drowsiness or dizziness, avoid these activities.

• Avoid alcohol while taking lorazepam. Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness caused by lorazepam. Alcohol may also increase the risk of a seizure if lorazepam is being taken for a seizure condition.

• Lorazepam may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, seizure medicines, and muscle relaxants. Tell your doctor about all medicines that you are taking, and do not take any medicine without first talking to your doctor.

PREPARATIONS: Tablets: 1mg

STORAGE: Tablets should be kept at room temperature, between 15° and 30°C (59-86°F).

PRESCRIBED FOR: Clonazepam is used for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. It is used for certain types of seizures, specifically petit mal seizures, akinetic seizures, and myoclonus, as well as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. For these seizure disorders, clonazepam may use alone or together with other medications. DOSING: The dose of clonazepam is tailored to the patient\’s needs.

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Clonazepam, and all benzodiazepines, interact with other medications and drugs that slow the brain\’s processes, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and narcotics. PREGNANCY: Clonazepam and other benzodiazepines have been associated with fetal damage, including congenital malformations, when taken by pregnant women in their first trimester. Clonazepam is best avoided in the first trimester, and probably throughout pregnancy. NURSING MOTHERS: It is not known if clonazepam is secreted in breast milk.

SIDE EFFECTS: The most commonly noted side effects associated with clonazepam are sedation, which is reported in approximately 1 in 2 people (one-half of patients), dizziness (one-third of patients), weakness, and unsteadiness. Other side effects include a feeling of depression, loss of orientation, headache, and sleep disturbance. Like all benzodiazepines, clonazepam can cause physical dependence. Suddenly stopping therapy after a few months of daily therapy may be associated with a feeling of loss of self-worth, agitation, and insomnia. If clonazepam is taken continuously for longer than a few months, stopping therapy suddenly may produce seizures, tremors, muscle cramping, vomiting, and/or sweating. Therefore, discontinuation usually is accomplished by tapering the dose.

This medication is used to relieve nervousness and tension or improve sleep disturbances. It is also used to relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal such as tremors, or used as an anticonvulsant or skeletal muscle relaxant.

How to take Valium :

Take with food or milk if stomach upset occurs. Take exactly as prescribed. Do not increase your dose or take more often than prescribed. Tolerance may develop to this medication making it less effective with prolonged use. For insomnia, take 30 to 60 minutes prior to bedtime. Do not stop taking this medication without your doctor\’s approval. Your dose may have to be gradually decreased if you have been taking it for some time.

Valium Side Effects :

This medication causes drowsiness and dizziness. Avoid tasks requiring alertness. Other side effects may include: stomach upset, blurred vision, headache, confusion, depression, impaired coordination, change in heart rate, trembling, weakness, memory loss, hangover effect (grogginess), dreaming or nightmares. Notify your doctor if you develop: chest pain, change in heart rate, vision changes, yellowing of the eyes or skin. In the unlikely event you have an allergic reaction to this drug, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include: rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions for Valium :

Before using this drug, tell your doctor your medical history, especially of: liver or kidney disease, drug allergies. Alcohol or other sedative-type drugs can lead to extreme drowsiness. Limit alcohol consumption. Elderly persons are usually more sensitive to the effects of this medication. Use cautiously. This medication is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Since this medication may appear in breast milk, consult with your doctor before breast-feeding.

Valium Drug Interactions :

Tell your doctor of all prescription and nonprescription drugs you may use, especially of: cimetidine, digoxin, disulfiram, levodopa, seizure medication, sleeping pills, narcotic pain medication (e.g., codeine), medication for depression, barbiturates, tranquilizers, sedatives, certain drowsiness-causing antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), drugs used to treat allergies or colds, alcohol use. Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Smoking can decrease the effectiveness of this drug. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.

Common uses

Viagra is used to treat erection difficulties, such as erectile dysfunction (ED).

Directions

Viagra comes as a tablet containing sildenafil citrate, to take by mouth.

For most men, the recommended dose is 50 mg. taken, as needed, approximately 1 hour before sexual activity. However, sildenafil citrate may be taken anywhere from 4 hours to 0.5 hour before sexual activity. Based on effectiveness and toleration, the dose may be increased to a maximum recommended dose of 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once per day.

Precautions

A starting dose of 25 mg. should be considered individuals of the age 65+ and in individuals with hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment.

Given the extent of the interaction with patients receiving concomitant therapy with ritonavir, it is recommended not to exceed a maximum single dose of 25 mg. of Viagra in any 48 hour period.

Sildenafil citrate potentiates the hypotensive effects of nitrates and its administration in patients who use nitric oxide donors or nitrates in any form is therefore contraindicated.

Treatments for erectile dysfunction, including Viagra, should not be generally used in men for whom sexual activity is inadvisable because of their underlying cardiovascular status.

Patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, stroke, or life-threatening arrhythmia within the last 6 months, patients with resting hypotension or hypertension, patients with cardiac failure or coronary artery disease and patients with retinitis pigmentosa should use Viagra with great caution.

The safety of Viagra is unknown in patients with bleeding disorders and patients with active peptic ulceration.

Viagra should be used with caution by individuals with anatomical deformation of the penis and by individuals who have conditions which may predispose them to priapism.

The safety and efficacy of combinations of Viagra with other treatments for erectile dysfunction have not been studied. Therefore, the use of such combinations is not recommended.

Possible side effects

The most frequently observed side effects of Viagra includes headache, flushing, dyspepsia and nasal congestion.

Less frequent side effects include erections that will not go away and vision changes. In the event that an erection persists longer than 4 hours, seek immediate medical assistance. Other less frequent side effects include urinary tract infection, abnormal vision, diarrhea, dizziness and rash.

If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor.

Overdose

If overdose of Viagra is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Additional information

Keep Viagra in a tightly closed container and out of reach of children. Store Viagra at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).

Note

The above information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that use of Viagra is safe, appropriate, or effective for you. Consult your health care professional before you buy Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate).

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What is a generic medication?

Wikipedia gives the following definition:

“Generic drug (pl. generic drugs, short: generics) is a drug which is produced and distributed without a brand name. A generic must contain the same active ingredients as the original formulation. In most cases, it is considered bioequivalent to the brand name counterpart with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. By extension, therefore, generics are assumed to be identical in dose, strength, route of administration, safety, efficacy, and intended use.”

Does a generic medication differ from a brand name drug?

Not much, actually. But there is a difference, of course. To see the difference more clearly we have made a table: click here